Effectiveness of Hoffman's Exercise on the Level of Breastfeeding among Primiparous Women with Inverted Nipple

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most natural, beneficial and ideal form
for feeding newborns to promote their healthy growth and development as well as
for better maternal health. Some mothers facing the problem of nipple inversion
depleting them of being able to feed their babies as well as taking its advantages.
Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Hoffman’s exercise on the
level of breastfeeding among primiparous women with inverted nipple. Methods:
A quasi-experimental research design was conducted at a private antenatal clinic at
Mansoura City, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A non-probability purposive sample
of 110 pregnant women was allocated either to the control group who received the
routine antenatal care or to the intervention group who practiced Hoffman's
exercise. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule, LATCH and
Likert scales. Results: More than half (58.2%) of the subjects in intervention group < /div>
had good level of breast feeding compared to 7,3 % in the control group with
statistical significant difference among both groups (p < 0.001). Also about 34,5%
and 29,1% of the subjects in the intervention group were either strongly satisfied or
satisfied respectively compared to only 3,6% and 5,5% of the control group on the
same scale. Conclusion: The current study hypotheses were accepted where
Hoffman's exercise was an effective intervention for managing inverted nipple,
improving level of breastfeeding and is associated with higher satisfaction level
with breastfeeding in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Recommendations: The current study recommended that, Hoffman’s exercise can
be integrated into nursing care practices for managing inverted nipples among
primiparous women.