Factors Influencing Public Knowledge About Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Cataracts, characterized by lens clouding that leads to vision impairment, are a significant global health issue, particularly among aging populations. Understanding cataract knowledge, risk factors, and treatment is crucial with a rising prevalence. Aim: This study investigated the multifaceted factors influencing cataract knowledge among adults in Asser, KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 adult residents of the Asir region. The Cataract Knowledge Assessment and the Demographic were used to collect data. Results: The study revealed that approximately half of the participants had a general awareness of cataracts. However, a comparable portion demonstrated limited or insufficient knowledge regarding the condition. Furthermore, many participants held certain misconceptions or inaccurate beliefs about cataracts, indicating gaps in their understanding and highlighting the need for targeted educational efforts. Awareness of risk factors was low, with only 53.5% recognizing diabetes, 42.3% ultraviolet exposure, and 31.9% smoking. While 67.8% knew treatment was needed when vision was affected, just 41.3% identified surgery as the only solution. Older adults (49-58 years) had the highest knowledge (65.2%), while younger ones (18-28 years) had the lowest (37.2%). A family history (33%) and personal experience (16.9%) improved awareness, but gaps remained. The internet (21.3%) was the primary information source, while books (6.5%) were the least used. Conclusions: This study highlights that while a portion of adults in the Asir region demonstrated basic awareness of cataracts, a significant number lacked comprehensive knowledge. Moreover, misconceptions related to the causes, risk factors, and available treatment options for cataracts were common among participants. Key determinants of knowledge included gender, age, education, and family history. Targeted awareness campaigns are crucial for enhancing public health education. Improving knowledge through outreach and digital platforms can facilitate early intervention. Addressing these gaps is vital for reducing cataract-related visual impairment.