Effectiveness of the Health Belief Model on Medication Adherence, Dietary Behavior, and Exercise for Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdelal, Mona; Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed, Eman; A. Abdallah, Asmaa; Mokhtar Mokhtar Elsayed, Islam

doi:10.21608/ejhc.2025.441435

Effectiveness of the Health Belief Model on Medication Adherence, Dietary Behavior, and Exercise for Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Assist Professor in Medical Surgical Nursing – Faculty of Nursing- Beni-Suef University, Egypt

² Assistant Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing – Faculty of Nursing- Beni-Suef University, Egypt

³ Lecturer of Community Health Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt

10.21608/ejhc.2025.441435

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major global health concern, placing a heavy burden on patients, families, healthcare systems, and economies. Therefore, MI management are necessary to enhance the patient outcomes and their quality of life. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence, dietary behavior, and exercise for patients with myocardial infarction. Research Design: A quasi-experimental comparative study (repeated-measures design) was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Cardiac Outpatient Clinics affiliated to Beni- Suef University’s Hospital, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 80 MI patients who agreed to participate in the study was recruited for this study. Data collection tools: Three tools were used, tool l: self-administered questionnaires including part 1: socio-demographic data, part 2: health history, & part 3: knowledge, tool II: self-care practices, and tool III: The Health Belief Model Questionnaire. Results: The significance test demonstrated highly significant improvements in the mean scores of the total intervention group's knowledge and practice from baseline assessment to post-tests (P<0.001) with a very large effect size of the educational intervention. In comparison, the control group results showed insignificant differences in mean scores of knowledge and practice at the three study stages. Additionally, post-intervention, the mean scores of all HBM constructs were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control groups throughout the three study phases (P<0.001).Conclusion: The use of the HBM has been shown to effectively enhance knowledge, self-care practices, and improve health beliefs among patients with myocardial infarction. Recommendations: Emphasizing the importance of patients understanding their diagnosis, adhering to the medication regimen, and embracing a healthy lifestyle through educational and training programs is essential. Thus, supportive, ongoing, and well- structured training programs for healthcare professionals must be implemented to utilize the HBM in the prevention and management of chronic diseases.

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