High Risk Obese Pregnancy: Nutritional Program on Maternal Health for Controlling Obesity

Hamed Farahat, Nadia; Mahmoud Soliman, Nawal; Farouk Zidan, Howayda; Mostafa Abbas, Eman

doi:10.21608/ejhc.2016.104692

High Risk Obese Pregnancy: Nutritional Program on Maternal Health for Controlling Obesity

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Ain Shams University

² Physical Medicine, Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Department Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

³ Directorate of Health Affairs in Giza

10.21608/ejhc.2016.104692

Abstract

Background: The incidence of maternal obesity (BMI>30kg/m²) at the start of pregnancy
has been rising over the last world. Obesity during pregnancy represents an important preventable
risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and is associated with negative long-term health
outcomes for both mothers and off springs. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect
of a nutritional program on maternal health for controlling obesity. Design: A quasi-experimental
design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in two MCH centers, MCH of north Giza
and MCH of El-Moneab. Sampling: Purposive samples of 100 obese pregnant women were
included; attended MCH centers for their first visit. Those women were divided randomly into 50
women for study group; those chosen randomly and received the nutritional program; and 50
women for the control group; who did not receive the program, with, inclusion criteria; pregnant,
obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and in the first trimester of pregnancy. Exclusion criteria included severe
complications of pregnancy and sever co–morbidities not enabling the women to follow the
program. Tools for data collection three tools were used. 1) An interviewing questionnaire which
includes five parts; socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and medical history,
obese pregnant women's knowledge, obese pregnant women's lifestyle practices, and daily intake
of various food groups and types. 2) Physical assessment to record initial and follow –up weight
assessment of the pregnant women. 3) Pregnancy outcomes records including maternal and
neonatal outcomes. Results: The study showed that, obese pregnant women's knowledge of
dietary and healthy practices life style issues is low, as well as their practices towards diet,
exercises, and rest. Their dietary practice during pregnancy is inadequate. Conclusion: The study
answered the research hypothesis stating that nutritional program will improve the health of
maternal obesity and their newborn without complications, the nutrition program was effective in
improving their dietary and healthy lifestyle knowledge and practices. This is associated with
significant improvement in lowering body weight throughout follow-up visits during pregnancy,
in addition, the nutrition program led to better maternal outcomes as lower rates difficult labor
with fetal distress. Fetal outcomes are also improved in terms of better Apgar scores and less need
for NICU admissions. Recommendations: The developed nutritional program should be made
available at similar MCH centers, and the maternal nurses should use it in educating attendant
obese pregnant women.

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